Poomsae
Patterns, or Poomsae, are pre-arranged sequences of movements that create a form with a range of Taekwondo techniques.
Poomsae initially developed as a way to practice techniques without the need for a partner. Drawing from traditional Korean martial arts and Japanese Kata, Poomsae is a key part of modern Taekwondo training. A requirement of grading, the pre-arranged patterns offer a chance to explore techniques by simulating defence and attack with imaginary opponents.
Without the pressure of sparring, Poomsae allows you to explore techniques fully and focus on precision, control, and exploring the whole movement. To perform Poomsae well requires the mind and body to work as one. Competition Poomsae is an excellent demonstration of how focus and technique come together to create a powerful display. Moreover, each Poomsae series embodies Taekwondo philosophy and at higher levels, this should guide how the movements are performed.
In World Taekwondo (WT) the Taegeuk series is used for Kup Grades and the Yudanja Series is used for Dan Grades. Competitions will have their own Poomsae requirements, however, the majority of WT-affiliated clubs and competitions will use the Taegeuk and Yudanja Series.
Use the links below to learn more about each specific area of Poomsae, with help sheets for the Taegeuk Series and Yudanja Series.
Taegeuk Poomsae
The series of patterns typically used for Kup Grades, starting with Taegeuk Il Jang for a total of eight patterns.
Yudanja Poomsae
Advanced Poomsae typically used for Dan Grades. There are nine patterns in the series, beginning with Koryo.
Competition Poomsae
Learn about common formats and rules for competitive Poomsae, including guidance on scoring.
Why is poomsae important?
While Taekwondo is well known for its fast, dynamic kicking techniques and its place as an Olympic sport, Poomsae focuses more on the traditional side of the martial art rather than the competitive sport aspect.
The importance of Poomsae is most clearly shown through its emphasis on blocking, striking, balance and control — technical areas that are less prominent in Olympic-style sparring. By practising Poomsae, students develop precision, coordination, discipline and a deeper understanding of Taekwondo techniques and their self defence applications.
Common mistakes
Poomsae can seem daunting at first, particularly for beginners. Below you’ll find some common mistakes and how to avoid them:
- Rushing movements > Each Poomsae has a rhythm to it, and rushing can harm technique. Start slow and execute each movement fully.
- Weak stances > Unlike sparring, where stances are used for speed and ease of movement, stances in poomsae should be strong, stable and technically correct.
- Forgetting to Kiyap > A Kiyap is a controlled shout used to emphasise power, focus and breathing during a technique. In competition poomsae, a Kiyap forms part of the overall performance, and forgetting it can result in point deductions.
Frequently Asked Questions
Poomsae is the Korean name for a series of pre-arranged movements performed in a set order. Each pattern combines blocks, strikes, kicks and stances to simulate defence against imaginary opponents while helping students develop technique, balance and control.
The word ‘pattern’ or ‘form’ is often used as the English translation of Poomsae.
There are eight Taeguek patterns used in the World Taekwondo (WT) Kup Grade syllabus. Students usually begin with Taeguek Il Jang and progress through the series as they move through the coloured belt grades.
Remember, some clubs and governing bodies may use an alternative series of Poomsae.
Yes. Competition Poomsae is a recognised discipline in World Taekwondo, where competitors are judged on areas such as accuracy, balance, rhythm, power and presentation. Competitions may include individual, pair, team and freestyle categories depending on the event.
It is possible to compete in Poomsae at a high level across national and international events.
Yes. Although Poomsae is performed as a pattern, many of the movements are based on practical blocking, striking and defensive techniques. Training Poomsae helps students improve reactions, balance, control and body positioning, all of which are important skills for self defence.